Red: Ruby, Spinel, Rubellite, Garnet, Diamond (extremely rare)

Pink: Sapphire, Tourmaline, Beryl, Diamond (very rare)

Orange: Citrine, Mandarin Garnet, Fire Opal, Sapphire, Diamond (very rare)

Yellow: Topaz, Beryl, Mali Garnet, Tourmaline, Sapphire, Diamond

Green: Emerald, Tsavorite Garnet, Tourmaline, Peridot, Sapphire, Jade, Chrysoprase

Teal: Paraiba Tourmaline, Turquoise, Chrysocolla

Blue: Sapphire, Zircon, Spinel, Indicolite (Tourm.), Lapis, Aquamarine, Topaz, Diamond (very rare)

Purple: Tanzanite, Amethyst, Sapphire, Spinel

Multi: Boulder Opal, Fire Agate, Alexandrite, Color Change Garnet, Chameleon Diamond (very rare)

Gray: Hematite, Diamond

Black: Onyx, Diamond

Diamond: Occurs in all colors, from colorless to yellow, brown, pink, blue, green, red, orange, gray and black. Colorless, brown and yellow are relatively common, but specimens in pink, green, blue, orange and red are extremely rare and can command steep prices.

Corundum: Ruby and sapphire belong to the same species of gemstone called corundum. The term Sapphire connotes a blue Sapphire, while other colors such as pink, yellow, purple and green are considered fancy colored sapphires. A Ruby is really a fancy red Sapphire.

Beryl: Emeralds and Aquamarines both belong to the beryl gem species, and are specifically named because of their characteristic colors. Beryl also occurs in yellow and pink and are called Heliodor and Morganite, respectively.

Tourmaline: A very wide range of colors is possible for Tourmaline, with the most common being pink, green, yellow, brown, red (Rubellite), blue (Indicolite) and even slices of material with pink centers and green edges called Watermelon Tourmaline.

Garnet: Garnets occur in colors ranging from a deep blood red (Pyrope), purplish-red (Rhodolite), bright orange (Mandarin), pinkish-orange (Malaya), deep orange (Hessonite) and green (Tsavorite). "Ordinary" garnet (Almandite) can be a slightly brownish-red.

Quartz: The quartz group includes a large variety of commonly known stones, including Amethyst and Citrine, as well as the sub-group Chalcedony which includes Carnelian, Agate and Chrysoprase - among many others.

Opal: Common Opal has a whitish background color, and is the most common commercial form of the stone. Black Opal or Boulder Opal is highly variegated in color, with vibrant flashes of blue, red, green, yellow and red. Fire Opal gets its name from its fiery orange-red color. It appears less like an "ordinary" opal and more like transparent gemstones.